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modern girl
(also shortened to "moga") were Japanese women who followed Westernized fashions and lifestyles in the 1920s. These ''moga'' were Japan's equivalent of America's flappers, Germany's ''neue Frauen'', France's ''garçonnes'', or China's ''modeng xiaojie'' (摩登小姐).〔''The Modern Girl Around the World: Consumption, Modernity, and Globalization'', Edited by Alys Eve Weinbaum, Lynn M. Thomas, Priti Ramamurthy, Uta G. Poiger, Modeleine Yue Dong, and Tani E. Barlow, p. 1.〕 By viewing her through a Japanese vs Western lens, the nationalist press could use the modern girl archetype to blame such failings as frivolity, sexual promiscuity, and selfishness on foreign influence.〔''The Gender/Sexuality Reader: Culture, History, Political Economy'', edited by Roger N. Lancaster and Micaela Di Leonardo, pp. 493-494〕 The period was characterized by the emergence of working class young women with access to money and consumer goods. Using aristocratic culture as their standard of Japaneseness, the critics of the modern girl condemned her working class traits as "unnatural" for Japanese. Modern girls were depicted as living in the cities, being financially and emotionally independent, choosing their own suitors, and apathetic towards politics.〔(The 'Modern' Japanese Woman ), ''The Chronicle'' 5/21/2004:〕 The woman's magazine was a novelty at this time and the modern girl was the model consumer, someone more often found in advertisements for cosmetics and fashion than in real life. The all-female Takarazuka Revue, established in 1914,〔Makiko Yamanashi, (The Takarasienne and Moga: Modernity in the Prewar Girls' Culture )〕 and the novel ''Naomi'' (1924) are outstanding examples of modern girl culture.
==Origins and etymology==
, founded in 1917, and , founded in 1922, both ran articles, fashion tips, and advice on the modern girl lifestyle.〔''The Gender/Sexuality Reader: Culture, History, Political Economy'', edited by Roger N. Lancaster and Micaela Di Leonardo.〕 ''Josei'' was "the bible of the modern girl."〔"(Sex in the City: Chastity vs Free Love in Interwar Japan )"〕 Jun'ichirō Tanizaki's 1924 novel ''Naomi'' created the term "modern girl". The novel was such a hit that it caused considerable outrage among elders in Japan. However, younger women embraced the story and celebrated the values displayed by several of the main characters.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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